Glyphosate, Paraquat, na Glufosinate-ammonium bụ atọ bụ isi biocidal herbicides. Onye ọ bụla nwere njirimara na uru ya. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eto eto niile nwere ike ịkọ ole na ole n'ime ha, mana nchịkọta na nchịkọta dị nkenke na nke zuru oke ka dị ụkọ. Ha bara uru ịchịkọta ma dị mfe iburu n'isi.
Glyphosate
Glyphosate bụ ụdị organophosphorus nke sistemu na-eduzi ụdịdị dị iche iche, biocidal, ahịhịa na-egbu egbu. Ọ na-egbochi enolacetyl shikimate phosphate synthase na osisi, si otú a na-egbochi ntụgharị nke shikidomin na phenylalanine na tyrosine. Na ntughari nke tryptophan, nke na-egbochi njikọ protein na-eduga na ọnwụ osisi. Glyphosate nwere arụmọrụ sistemu siri ike nke ukwuu. Ọ bụghị nanị na a ga-etinye obi gị dum ma bufee ya na akụkụ ala site na ị ga na epupụta, kamakwa enwere ike ibunye ya n'etiti ndị na-akụ ihe dị iche iche nke otu osisi. Ọ na-enwe mmetụta igbu mmadụ siri ike na anụ ahụ dị n'okpuru ala nke ahịhịa gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ perennial ma nwee ike iru omimi nke igwe ọrụ ugbo nkịtị enweghị ike iru. Mgbe ịbanye n'ime ala, ọgwụ ahụ na-ejikọta ngwa ngwa na ígwè, aluminom na ion metal ndị ọzọ na-efunahụ ọrụ. Ọ nweghị mmetụta ọjọọ na mkpụrụ na microorganisms na ala ma dị mma maka ndị iro eke na ihe ndị bara uru.
Glyphosate dabara adaba maka ahihia n'ubi mkpụrụ osisi dị ka apụl, pears, na citrus, yana ubi mkpụrụ osisi mulberry, ubi owu, ọka na-adịghị erube isi, enweghị mkpụrụ osikapa ozugbo, ahịhịa rọba, ala ahịhịa, n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ, wdg. Ọ nwere ike. chịkwaa nke ọma ahịhịa ahihia kwa afọ na nke na-adị ndụ, sedges na ahịhịa sara mbara. Maka ụfọdụ ahịhịa na-eguzogide nke ukwuu na Liliaceae, Convolvulaceae na Leguminosae, ọ bụ naanị ịba ụba nke ọgwụ nwere ike ịchịkwa nke ọma.
Paraquat
Paraquat bụ ihe na-eme ngwa ngwa na-egbu ahịhịa na-egbu egbu nke nwere mmetụta mbibi siri ike na anụ ahụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Akwụkwọ ahihia ga-amalite imebi ma gbanwee ka awa 2-3 gachara ka etinyechara ahịhịa. Ọgwụ ahụ enweghị mmetụta nchịkwa sistemu ma nwee ike imebi saịtị nke ngwa, mana enweghị ike imebi mgbọrọgwụ osisi na mkpụrụ zoro ezo n'ime ala. Ya mere, ahihia na-amaliteghachi mgbe etinyere ya. Enweghị ike ịbanye n'ụgbụgbọ nke nwere subbered. Ozugbo na kọntaktị na ala, ọ ga-adsorbed na passivated. Paraquat na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu n'ihi uru ya dị ka mmetụta ngwa ngwa, iguzogide mmebi mmiri ozuzo, na ọnụ ahịa dị elu. Agbanyeghị, ọ na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu ma na-emerụ mmadụ na anụ ụlọ. Ozugbo egbuchara ya, ọ nweghị ọgwụ mgbochi akọwapụtara.
Glufosinate - ammonium
1. O nwere ihe di iche iche nke ogwu ogwu. Ọtụtụ ahịhịa na-enwe mmetụta nke Glufosinate-ammonium. Ahịhịa ndị a na-agụnye: cowgrass, bluegrass, sedge, bermudagrass, barnyardgrass, ryegrass, bentgrass, rice sedge, Pụrụiche ekara sedge, crabgrass, ọhịa licorice, ụgha stinkweed, ọka ahịhịa, roughleaf ifuru ahịhịa, na-efe efe ahịhịa, ọhịa amaranth, sedge. ahịhịa lotus oghere (ahịhịa mgbanwe), chickweed, obere ijiji, ọgọ nwanyị, Amaranth inyinya, Brachiaria, Viola, ubi bindweed, Polygonum, obere akpa ọzụzụ atụrụ, chicory, plantain, ranunculus, iku ume nwa, European Senecio, wdg.
2. Àgwà omume pụtara ìhè. Glufosinate-ammonium achọghị mmiri ozuzo maka awa 6 ka ịgbasachara iji bulie arụmọrụ ya. N'okpuru ọnọdụ ubi, n'ihi na enwere ike imebi ya site na microorganisms ala, usoro mgbọrọgwụ enweghị ike ịmịnye ya ma ọ bụ na-amịkọrọ ntakịrị. Ifuru na akwụkwọ mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, akwụkwọ ahụ na-etolite ngwa ngwa phytotoxicity, si otú a na-egbochi nduzi nke Glufosinate-ammonium na phloem na xylem. Okpomọkụ dị elu, iru mmiri dị elu, na ike ọkụ dị elu na-akwalite nnabata nke Glufosinate-ammonium ma na-abawanye ọrụ ahụ nke ukwuu. Ịgbakwunye 5% (W/V) ammonium sulfate na ngwọta ịgba mmiri nwere ike ịkwalite nnabata nke Glufosinate-ammonium ma melite ọrụ Glufosinate-ammonium nke ọma n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị ala. Mmetụta nke usoro osisi na Glufosinate-ammonium metụtara mmịkọ ha nke ahịhịa, yabụ ammonium sulfate nwere mmetụta synergistic ka ukwuu na ahịhịa ndị nwere obere uche.
3. Na gburugburu ebe obibi, Glufosinate-ammonium na-emebi ngwa ngwa site na microorganisms dị na ala, na ntanye ya n'ọtụtụ ala adịghị agafe 15 cm. Mmiri ala dị na ya na-emetụta mgbasa ya na mbelata ya, ma na-ahapụ carbon dioxide n'ikpeazụ. Achọpụtaghị ihe fọdụrụ n'oge owuwe ihe ubi na ọkara ndụ bụ ụbọchị 3-7. 32 ụbọchị mgbe azuokokoosisi na akwukwo ọgwụgwọ, banyere 10% -20% nke ogige na mmebi ngwaahịa nọgidere na ala, na site na 295 ụbọchị, ndị fọdụrụ larịị bụ nso 0. Ịtụle gburugburu ebe obibi nchekwa, obere ọkara ndụ na ogbenye ngagharị na ala na-eme ka Glufosinate-ammonium dabara adaba maka igbo igbo.
4. Atụmanya sara mbara. Ebe ọ bụ na Glufosinate-ammonium nwere ụdị dị iche iche nke ahịhịa ahịhịa, na-emebi ngwa ngwa na gburugburu ebe obibi ma nwee obere nsi na ihe ndị na-abụghị ebumnuche, ọ dị oke mkpa iji ya dị ka ahịhịa na-ahọpụta ahịhịa mgbe emechara n'ubi. Teknụzụ bioengineering Nke a na-enye ohere. Ugbu a, Glufosinate-ammonium nọ n'ọkwa nke abụọ na Glyphosate na nyocha na nkwalite mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ na-eguzogide ọgwụ ahịhịa. Ugbu a, Glufosinate-ammonium na-eguzogide mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ na-agụnye mmeko nwoke, ọka, soybean, owu, sugar beet, osikapa, barley, Wheat, rye, poteto, osikapa, wdg. Obi abụọ adịghị ya na Glufosinate-ammonium nwere nnukwu ahịa azụmahịa. Dị ka data ndị ọzọ si kwuo, Glufosinate-ammonium nwere ike igbochi ma chịkwaa ọrịa nrịanrịa n'ọbọ osikapa ma belata ógbè ndị ọ na-emepụta. Ọ nwere nnukwu ọrụ megide fungi nke na-akpata n'ọbọ blight, sclerotinia na pythium wilt, ma nwee ike igbochi ma gwọọ ya n'otu oge. Ahịhịa na ọrịa fungal na ihe ọkụkụ Glufosinate-ammonium transgenic. Ịfesa usoro ọgwụgwọ nkịtị nke Glufosinate-ammonium na Glufosinate-ammonium na-eguzogide transgenic soybean ubi nwere mmetụta mgbochi ụfọdụ na nje nje soybean Pseudomonas infestans ma nwee ike igbochi ma ọ bụ igbu oge uto nke nje ahụ. N'ihi na Glufosinate-ammonium nwere njiri mara oke ọrụ, nnabata dị mma, ụdị ahịhịa ahịhịa sara mbara, nsi dị ala, yana ezigbo ndakọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ bụ ahịhịa ọzọ mara mma mgbe Glyphosate gachara.
Oge nzipu: Feb-26-2024
