Ụdị fungicides
1.1 Dị ka usoro kemịkalụ si dị
Organic fungicides:Ihe ndị bụ isi nke fungicides ndị a bụ ogige organic nwere carbon. N'ihi ọdịdị ya dị iche iche, fungicides organic nwere ike ịchịkwa ọrịa dị iche iche nke ọma.
Chlorothalonil: fungicides sara mbara, nke a na-ejikarị na akwụkwọ nri, mkpụrụ osisi na osisi ịchọ mma.
Thiophanate-methyl: mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa, ọdabara na osisi mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri na na.
Thiophanate-Methyl 70% WP Fungicides
fungicides nke inorganic:Inorganic fungicides bụ tumadi mejupụtara inorganic ogige, dị ka ọla kọpa, sọlfọ na na. A na-eji fungicides ndị a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ọrụ ugbo ma nwee ogologo oge fọdụrụnụ.
Mmiri mmiri Bordeaux: mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa maka osisi mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri, wdg.
Sulfur: ọgwụ fungicides ọdịnala, eji eme mkpụrụ vaịn, akwụkwọ nri, wdg.
1.2 Dị ka isi iyi nke akụrụngwa nke fungicides si dị
fungicides nke inorganic:Gụnyere ọla kọpa na sọlfọ na nkwadebe, a na-ejikarị fungicides ndị a na-achịkwa ọrịa fungal na nje.
Ọla kọpa oxychloride: ịchịkwa fungal na ọrịa nje.
Organic sọlfọ fungicides:Ihe fungicides ndị a na-egbukarị nje bacteria site na ịwepụta hydrogen sulfide, nke a na-ejikarị achịkwa mildew powdery na ọrịa fungal ndị ọzọ.
Sulfur ntụ ntụ: njikwa powdery mildew, nchara na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Organophosphorus fungicides:A na-ejikarị ogige Organophosphorus eme ihe n'ọrụ ugbo iji chịkwaa ọrịa nje na fungal, yana nnukwu ụdịdị dị elu na arụmọrụ dị elu.
Mancozeb: fungicides sara mbara, njikwa nke ọrịa fungal dị iche iche.
Organic arsenic fungicides:N'agbanyeghị na ọ dị irè, a na-ewepụ ha ugbu a n'ihi oke nsi ha.
Arsenic acid: oke nsi, ewepụrụ ugbu a.
Ihe na-akpata fungicides nke Benzene:Ihe fungicides ndị a dị n'ụdị dị iche iche, a na-ejikwa ya chịkwaa ọrịa dị iche iche, dị ka mildew downy na powdery mildew.
Carbendazim: fungicides sara mbara, njikwa osisi mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri na ọrịa ndị ọzọ.
Ọgwụ fungicides nke Azole:Azole fungicides na-egbochi njikọ nke fungal cell membranes iji gbuo nje bacteria na-akpata, nke a na-ejikarị na-achịkwa ọrịa mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri.
Tebuconazole: arụmọrụ dị elu, nke a na-ejikarị na osisi mkpụrụ osisi, njikwa ọrịa ihe oriri.
Sistemụ fungicides Tebuconazole 25% EC
fungicides ọla kọpa:Nkwadebe ọla kọpa nwere mmetụta nje bacteria siri ike, nke a na-ejikarị achịkwa ọrịa fungal na nje.
Ọla kọpa hydroxide: njikwa osisi mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri na ọrịa ndị ọzọ.
Ọgwụ nje fungicides:Ọgwụ nje ndị microorganisms na-emepụta, dị ka streptomycin na tetracycline, bụ nke a na-ejikarị achịkwa ọrịa nje.
Streptomycin: ịchịkwa ọrịa nje.
Ngwakọta fungicides:Ịgwakọta ụdị fungicides dị iche iche nwere ike melite mmetụta fungicidal ma belata nguzogide nke nje bacteria.
Zineb: ngwakọta fungicides, njikwa nke ọrịa fungal dị iche iche.
Fungicides na-echebe ihe ubi Zineb 80% WP
Ọgwụ fungicides ndị ọzọ:Gụnyere ụfọdụ fungicides ọhụrụ na pụrụ iche, dị ka mpụta ihe ọkụkụ na ihe ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ.
Osisi tii dị mkpa mmanụ: ihe ọkụkụ sitere n'okike wepụ fungicides, nje antibacterial sara mbara.
1.3 Dị ka usoro eji eme ihe
Ndị ọrụ nchekwa: eji egbochi ọrịa.
Ngwakọta Bordeaux: nke ọla kọpa sulfate na wayo, ọ nwere mmetụta bactericidal sara mbara dị iche iche ma na-ejikarị egbochi ọrịa fungal na nje nke osisi mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ.
Sulfur nkwusioru: isi ihe bụ sọlfọ, nke a na-ejikarị egbochi na ịchịkwa ọtụtụ ọrịa fungal, dị ka mildew powdery, nchara na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Ndị ọrụ ọgwụgwọ: eji agwọ ọrịa ndị na-emebu.
Carbendazim: ọgwụ fungicides sara mbara nke nwere mmetụta mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ, nke a na-ejikarị na mgbochi na njikwa nke osisi mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri na ọrịa fungal ndị ọzọ.
Thiophanate-methyl: Ọ nwere usoro ọgwụgwọ na mmetụta ọgwụgwọ, a na-ejikwa ya maka ịchịkwa ọrịa nke osisi mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri na okooko osisi.
Ndị na-ekpochapụ: A na-eji ekpochapụ pathogens kpamkpam.
Formaldehyde: nke a na-eji maka mkpochapụ ala, na-eji ọgwụ mgbochi siri ike na ikpochapụ ọrịa nje, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na griin haus na ọgwụgwọ ala griin haus.
Chloropicrin: ala fumigant, nke a na-eji gbuo nje bacteria, pests na ahịhịa ahịhịa n'ime ala, nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka greenhouses, greenhouses na ala ubi.
Ndị ọrụ sistemu: Na-amịkọrọ site na mgbọrọgwụ osisi ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ iji nweta njikwa ihe ọkụkụ dum.
Tebuconazole: ihe na-egbu egbu na-egbu egbu na-egbu nje bacteria site na igbochi njikọ nke akpụkpọ anụ fungal cell, nke a na-ejikarị na osisi mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri na nri nri.
Ihe nchekwa: eji egbochi ire ere nke ihe ọkụkụ.
Sulfate ọla kọpa: nwere mmetụta bactericidal na antiseptik, nke a na-ejikarị egbochi na ịchịkwa ọrịa nje nke osisi na igbochi ire ere osisi.
1.4 Dị ka àgwà nduzi
Fungicides sistem: nwere ike itinye uche na ya site na osisi na-eduzi dum osisi, na mma akara mmetụta.
Pyraclostrobin: ụdị ọhụrụ ụdị fungicides sistemu sara mbara nke nwere mmetụta mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ, nke a na-ejikarị na osisi mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ nri na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Pyraclostrobin Fungicide 25% SC
fungicides na-abụghị sorbent: naanị na-arụ ọrụ na saịtị ngwa, agaghị agagharị na osisi.
Mancozeb: ọgwụ fungicides nchebe sara mbara, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka njikwa ọrịa fungal, agaghị ebugharị n'ime osisi ahụ mgbe etinyere ya.
1.5 Dị ka ọpụrụiche nke ime ihe
Multi-saịtị (na-abụghị pụrụ iche) fungicides: ime ihe karịrị otu usoro physiological nke pathogen.
Mancozeb: na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ usoro physiological nke pathogen, na-enwe mmetụta nje bacteria dị iche iche, na-egbochikwa ọrịa dị iche iche nke fungal.
Otu saịtị (pụrụ iche) fungicides: naanị mee ihe na usoro physiological kpọmkwem nke pathogen.
Tebuconazole: Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na usoro physiological kpọmkwem nke pathogen ma na-egbu nje bacteria na-akpata site na igbochi njikọ nke akpụkpọ ahụ cell fungal.
1.6 Dị ka ụzọ omume dị iche iche si dị
Ihe nchebe fungicides: gụnyere kọntaktị bactericidal mmetụta na ihe fọdụrụ bactericidal mmetụta.
Mancozeb: fungicides nchebe sara mbara, nke a na-eji egbochi ọrịa fungal dị iche iche.
Sulfur nkwusioru: sara mbara-dị iche iche fungicides, eji egbochi na ịchịkwa powdery mildew na nchara.
Sistemu fungicides: gụnyere apical conduction na basal conduction.
Pyraclostrobin: fungicides sistemu sara mbara nke ọhụrụ nwere mmetụta mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ.
Propiconazole: ihe fungicides sistemu, nke a na-ejikarị egbochi na ịchịkwa ọrịa nke ọka, osisi mkpụrụ osisi na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ.
Organic Fungicide Propiconazole 250g/L EC
1.7 Dị ka usoro eji eme ihe
Ọgwụgwọ ala:
Formaldehyde: a na-eji maka mkpochapụ ala, na-egbu nje bacteria na ala.
Ọgwụgwọ stem na akwukwo:
Carbendazim: A na-eji ya na-efesa ahịhịa osisi na akwụkwọ iji chịkwaa ọrịa dị iche iche nke fungal.
Ọgwụgwọ mkpụrụ:
Thiophanate-methyl: eji maka ọgwụgwọ mkpụrụ iji gbochie nje mkpụrụ na mbufe ọrịa.
1.8 Dị ka ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ dị iche iche si dị
fungicides nke inorganic:
Ngwakọta Bordeaux: ngwakọta nke ọla kọpa sulfate na wayo, fungicide sara mbara.
Sulfur: a na-ejikarị eme ihe na njikwa powdery mildew, nchara na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Organic fungicides:
Carbendazim: fungicides sara mbara, njikwa ụdị ọrịa fungal dị iche iche.
Tebuconazole: usoro fungicides dị iche iche, na-egbochi njikọ nke akpụkpọ anụ fungal cell.
Ihe fungicides nke ndu:
Streptomycin: ọgwụ nje na-emepụta site na microorganisms, nke a na-ejikarị achịkwa ọrịa nje.
Ọgwụ nje fungicides nke ugbo:
Streptomycin: ọgwụ nje, ịchịkwa ọrịa nje.
Tetracycline: ọgwụ nje, ịchịkwa ọrịa nje.
Fungicides sitere na osisi:
Osisi tii dị mkpa mmanụ: ihe ọkụkụ sitere n'okike nwere mmetụta nje antibacterial sara mbara.
1.9 Dị ka ụdị kemịkalụ dị iche iche si dị
Ihe na-akpata Carbamate fungicides:
Carbendazim: fungicides sara mbara iji chịkwaa ọrịa dị iche iche nke fungal.
Ọgwụ fungicides:
Metribuzin: nke a na-ejikarị achịkwa ahihia, nwekwara mmetụta fungicidal.
Ihe fungicides heterocyclic nwere akụkụ isii:
Pyraclostrobin: usoro fungicides sistemu sara mbara ọhụrụ nwere mmetụta mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ.
Fungicides heterocyclic nwere akụkụ ise:
Tebuconazole: fungicides sistemu dị iche iche, na-egbochi njikọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ fungal.
Organophosphorus na methoxyacrylate fungicides:
Methomyl: a na-ejikarị achịkwa ụmụ ahụhụ, mana ọ nwekwara mmetụta fungicidal.
fungicides ọla kọpa:
Ngwakọta Bordeaux: ngwakọta nke ọla kọpa sulfate na wayo, sterilization sara mbara.
sọlfọ inorganic fungicides:
Sulfur nkwusioru: a na-ejikarị eme ihe na njikwa powdery mildew, nchara, wdg.
Organic arsenic fungicides:
Arsenic acid: oke nsi, ewepụrụ ugbu a.
Ọgwụ fungicides ndị ọzọ:
Mkpokọta ihe ọkụkụ na ogige ọhụrụ (dị ka osisi tii dị mkpa mmanụ): mmetụta nje bacteria sara mbara, nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa.
Ụdị fungicides
2.1 ntụ ntụ (DP)
Site na mbụ pesticide na inert ndochi agwakọta na ụfọdụ nkezi, anuahade na sieved ntụ ntụ. A na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịgbasa ntụ ntụ na mmepụta.
2.2 ntụ ntụ mmiri mmiri (WP)
Ọ bụ nke mbụ pesticide, filler na a ụfọdụ ego nke nwekwara, n'ike-n'ike na zuru Ịgwakọta na-etipịa, iji nweta a ụfọdụ fineness nke ntụ ntụ. Enwere ike iji ya maka spraying.
2.3 Emulsion (EC)
A makwaara dị ka "emulsion". Site na mbụ pesticide dị ka a ụfọdụ nkezi organic solvents na emulsifiers etisasịwo na a uzo mmanu mmanu mmiri mmiri. Enwere ike iji spraying. Emulsion dị mfe ịbanye na epidermis ụmụ ahụhụ, dị mma karịa ntụ ntụ mmiri.
2.4 Aqueous (AS)
Ụfọdụ ọgwụ na-egbu egbu na-adị mfe mgbaze na mmiri, a pụkwara iji mmiri mee ihe na-enweghị ihe mgbakwunye. Dị ka crystalline lithosulfuric acid, ụmụ ahụhụ ugboro abụọ, wdg.
2.5 Granules (GR)
Emere ya site na ijikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onye na-elekọta ya na ihe ndị dị n'ala, cinder, slag brik, ájá. Na-emekarị ihe na-ejuputa na pesticide ọnụ na-echi ọnụ n'ime ụfọdụ fineness nke ntụ ntụ, tinye mmiri na inyeaka gị n'ụlọnga na-eme ka granules. Enwere ike ịgbasa site na aka ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ igwe.
2.6 Onye nkwusioru (gel nkwusioru) (SC)
Iji mmiri ultra-micro-egweri, pesticide ntụ ntụ chụgara na mmiri ma ọ bụ mmanụ na surfactants, guzobe viscous flowable mmiri mmiri formulations. Ihe nkwusioru agwakọta ya na oke mmiri ọ bụla iji gbazee, dabara maka ụzọ dị iche iche iji fesa. Mgbe ịgbasachara, ọ nwere ike ịchekwa 20% ~ 50% nke ọgwụ pesticide mbụ n'ihi nguzogide mmiri ozuzo.
2.7 Fumigant (FU)
Ojiji nke siri ike mmadụ na sulfuric acid, mmiri na ndị ọzọ bekee na-emeghachi omume na-emepụta na-egbu egbu gas, ma ọ bụ ojiji nke ala-esi ebe mmiri mmiri elekọta ndị obodo na-egbu egbu gas, fumigation na mechiri emechi na ndị ọzọ kpọmkwem gburugburu na-egbu pests na germs nke nkwadebe.
2.8 Aerosol (AE)
Aerosol bụ mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe ngwọta mmanụ pesticide siri ike, iji ọkụ ma ọ bụ ike arụ ọrụ, mmiri mmiri ahụ gbasasịrị n'ime nkwụsịtụ nke obere ụmụ irighiri mmiri na ikuku, na-aghọ aerosol.
Mechanism nke fungicides
3.1 Mmetụta na nhazi cell na ọrụ
Fungicides na-egbochi uto na mmeputakwa nke nje bacteria site na-emetụta nguzobe nke mgbidi fungal cell na plasma membrane biosynthesis. Ụfọdụ fungicides na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ nje ghara ichebe ya site n'ibibi njikọ nke mgbidi cell, nke na-eduga na ọnwụ cell.
3.2 Mmetụta na mmepụta ike cell
Fungicides nwere ike igbochi usoro mmepụta ume nke nje site na ụzọ dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ fungicides na-egbochi glycolysis na fatty acid β-oxidation, nke mere na nje ahụ enweghị ike ịmịpụta ume nke ọma, nke na-eduga n'ikpeazụ na ọnwụ ha.
3.3 Na-emetụta njikọ nke cellular metabolic bekee na ọrụ ha
Ụfọdụ fungicides na-eme site na itinye aka na njikọ nke fungal nucleic acids na protein. Usoro metabolic ndị a dị mkpa maka uto na mmepụta nke pathogens; ya mere, site na igbochi usoro ndị a, fungicides nwere ike ịchịkwa ihe omume na mgbasa nke ọrịa n'ụzọ dị irè.
3.4 Na-ebute nhazi onwe onye nke osisi
Ụfọdụ fungicides ọ bụghị naanị na-eme ihe ozugbo na nje bacteria, kamakwa na-ebute nguzogide ọrịa nke osisi ahụ. Ihe fungicides ndị a nwere ike ime ka osisi mepụta "ihe ndị na-egbochi ọrịa" bụ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ megide nje ma ọ bụ sonye na metabolism iji mepụta ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ megide ọrịa nje, si otú ahụ na-amụba ihe ọkụkụ na-eguzogide ọrịa.
Mmechi
Fungicides na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na ọrụ ugbo nke oge a site na ịchịkwa na igbochi ọrịa osisi n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Ụdị fungicides dị iche iche nwere njirimara nke ha n'ihe gbasara usoro kemịkalụ, ụdị eji eme ihe, ihe ndị na-eduzi na usoro nke ime ihe, nke na-eme ka a na-eji ya eme ihe na ngwa ọrụ ugbo dị iche iche. Nhọrọ ezi uche dị na ya na ojiji nke fungicides nwere ike imeziwanye mkpụrụ na ịdị mma nke ihe ọkụkụ ma hụ na mmepe nke mmepụta ugbo na-adịgide adịgide.
FAQ
Ajụjụ 1: Gịnị bụ organic fungicides?
Organic fungicides bụ fungicides sitere na ogige organic nwere carbon, nke nwere ụdị dị iche iche na mmetụta dị iche iche nke nje bacteria.
Ajụjụ 2: Gịnị bụ isi ụdị fungicides?
Ụdị usoro ọgwụgwọ bụ isi nke fungicides gụnyere ntụ ntụ, ntụ ntụ mmiri, mmanụ emulsifiable, ngwọta mmiri, granules, gels, fumigants, aerosols na fumigants.
Ajụjụ 3: Gịnị bụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe fungicides na-abụghị usoro fungicides?
Fungicides nwere ike itinye uche na osisi ahụ ma bufee ya na osisi dum, nke nwere mmetụta nchịkwa ka mma; fungicides na-abụghị sorbent na-arụ ọrụ na saịtị ngwa ma ghara ịkwaga na osisi ahụ.
Ajụjụ 4: kedu ka fungicides si emetụta metabolism cellular?
Fungicides na-egbochi uto na mmeputakwa nke nje site na itinye aka na njikọ nke nucleic acid na protein, na-emetụta usoro mmepụta ume, na imebi usoro cell.
Ajụjụ 5: Gịnị bụ uru nke ihe ọkụkụ sitere na fungicides?
A na-eme ọgwụ fungicides nke ahịhịa sitere na ihe ọkụkụ na-adịkarị obere na nsi, na-enwe mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi na o yikarịghị ka ọ ga-enwe nguzogide.
Oge nzipu: Jul-01-2024
